Managing BMI and Emotional Distress Using Smartphones and Wearables: A Multiple-Mediator Path Model Based on a Nationally Representative Sample

Julia Strugala

 Co-Presenters: Individual Presentation
College: College of Liberal Arts
Major: Communication Studies (M.A.)
Faculty Research Mentor: Ranran (Estelle) Mi
 

Abstract:

Mobile health (mHealth) technologies, including smartphone health apps and wearable trackers, are increasingly used to promote health behaviors. However, their impact on physical and mental well-being remains complex, with both benefits and potential unintended consequences. This study examines the relationship between ​​mHealth use (i.e., health app, wearable tracker) and two health outcomes—body mass index (BMI) and emotional distress—while examining the mediating roles of healthy eating, sleep, and physical activity based on a representative sample. We analyzed data from a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults aged 33–43 (N = 1,931). Chi-square tests and one-way ANOVA were used to compare demographic differences between mHealth users and non-users. A path model examined the relationship between mHealth use (i.e., smartphone health app, wearable trackers) and health outcomes (i.e., BMI, emotional distress), with lifestyles (i.e., healthy eating, physical activity, sleep) as mediators. Mediation analyses tested indirect effects through these lifestyle factors. mHealth users are more likely to be female, married, have higher levels of education and income, and have health insurance. The primary use is to manage physical activity. mHealth technologies can promote healthier behaviors, but their impact depends on users taking action for sustained lifestyle changes. While wearable trackers may aid mental well-being, their association with reduced sleep warrants further investigation.