Bridging Tradition and Modernity: Exploring Mayan Herbal Medicine as an Alternative for Epilepsy Treatment in Belize
Tatyani Gabourel
Co-Presenters: Individual Presentation
College: The Dorothy and George Hennings College of Science, Mathematics and Technology
Major: Biotechnology/Molecular Biology - STEM 5 Year B.S./M.S.
Faculty Research Mentor: Daniela Shebitz
Abstract:
Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder affecting approximately 50 million people worldwide, characterized by recurrent seizures due to abnormal neuronal excitability. While modern antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) primarily target neurotransmitter pathways, nearly one-third of epilepsy patients experience drug-resistant seizures, highlighting the need for alternative therapies. In Belize, access to modern AEDs is often limited by high costs, inconsistent availability, and inadequate healthcare infrastructure, leaving many patients without effective treatment. Traditional Mayan medicine has long utilized plant-based therapies for epilepsy, and recent ethnopharmacological research suggests that several Mayan medicinal plants, particularly those from the Piperaceae and Adiantaceae families, exhibit GABA-transaminase (GABA-T) inhibition and GABA -benzodiazepine receptor binding, mechanisms similar to those targeted by modern AEDs. Additionally, certain plant extracts demonstrate neuroprotective effects against glutamate-induced toxicity, further supporting their therapeutic potential. This literature review explores and compares the efficacy, mechanisms, and accessibility of modern AEDs and traditional Mayan epilepsy treatments. By examining active ingredients, methods of use, and pharmacological similarities, this review underscores the role of herbal medicine as a viable alternative in Belize, particularly for communities with limited access to modern pharmaceuticals. Furthermore, the continued use of Mayan medicinal knowledge not only provides a practical healthcare solution but also contributes to the preservation of traditional practices and cultural heritage. Bridging traditional knowledge with contemporary pharmacology may enhance epilepsy treatment options while promoting sustainable and community-driven healthcare solutions in Belize.