Differential Effects of Gold Nanoparticles on CHO and HeLa Cells
Adeeb Hayajneh
Co-Presenters: Individual Presentation
College: The Dorothy and George Hennings College of Science, Mathematics and Technology
Major: Biotechnology/Molecular Biology - STEM 5 Year B.S./M.S.
Faculty Research Mentor: Matthew Niepielko
Abstract:
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have promising applications in cancer treatment due to their unique properties, including high surface area and adaptability for targeted drug delivery. Their tunable surface chemistry and ability to penetrate biological membranes make them ideal candidates for selective cytotoxic agents. In this study, we investigated the effects of three AuNP types—gold (NP1), gold-silica (NP2), and gold-silica-polyethylene glycol (NP4)—on cell viability in HeLa (cancer) and CHO (non-cancer) cell lines. Results showed that HeLa cells exhibited greater cytotoxicity than CHO cells, except with NP1, where cytotoxicity was similar for both. Silica and PEG coatings on NP2 and NP4 appeared to reduce toxicity, enhancing biocompatibility. These findings indicate that surface modifications play a crucial role in modulating nanoparticle-cell interactions, potentially allowing researchers to fine-tune therapeutic outcomes. This cell-type-specific response suggests the potential for targeted cancer therapies with reduced impact on healthy cells, highlighting the importance of surface engineering in nanomedicine and emphasizing the need for further research into the mechanisms driving AuNP toxicity to maximize therapeutic efficacy and safety.