The Impact of Slash-and-Burn Farming on Sustainability and Food Security in Belize
Harrison Brown
Co-Presenters: Individual Presentation
College: College of Liberal Arts
Major: Political Science
Faculty Research Mentor: Daniela Shebitz
Abstract:
Slash-and-burn farming has been a cornerstone of traditional Maya agriculture in Belize for centuries, providing food security and sustaining rural livelihoods. However, concerns over deforestation, soil degradation, and climate change have led to increased scrutiny of its viability. While the practice historically allowed for soil regeneration through fallow periods, population pressures and shifting land policies have shortened fallow cycles, reducing soil fertility. This study examines the environmental and socio-economic impacts of slash-and-burn agriculture in Belize and explores sustainable alternatives.Using a review of literature, government reports, and case studies on Belizean milpa communities, this research applies a socio-ecological systems (SES) framework to analyze the linkages between slash-and-burn practices, environmental degradation, and food security. Research on Q’eqchi’ Maya agroforestry suggests integrating traditional knowledge with agroecological alternatives, such as slash-and-mulch and soil nutrient enrichment, could mitigate land clearing’s negative effects while preserving milpa’s cultural and economic benefits. However, limited government extension support and resistance to change present adoption challenges.Findings indicate that while slash-and-burn remains essential for many Belizean farmers, its sustainability is increasingly in question. Strengthening extension services, incorporating Indigenous knowledge into policy, and promoting agroecological alternatives could improve long-term agricultural resilience. Balancing traditional practices and conservation strategies is essential for ensuring environmental sustainability and food security in Belize’s milpa communities.Keywords: Slash-and-Burn, Milpa Farming, Belize, Deforestation, Agroecology, Food Security