Detection of Harmful Algal Bloom Toxins for Early Warning in New Jersey Aquatic Environments

Joshua Dovey

Co-Presenters: Mateo Gonzalez

College: Hennings College of Science Mathematics and Technology

Major: BS.ENVIRSCI

Faculty Research Mentor: Liu, Shuting  

Abstract:

Harmful Algae Blooms (HAB) can devastate local waterways and environmental health through the production of organic toxins. Many New Jersey freshwater systems are monitored by the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP), however, few studies have focused on coastal environments. In order to investigate HAB toxin distributions across NJ aquatic environments, fresh and coastal sites were chosen based on NJDEP monitoring maps. Surface water samples were collected in the summer of 2025, filtered through 0.2 um filters, and filtrate was further concentrated by C18 solid phase extraction. Twelve HAB toxins were analyzed using liquid chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometry, which serves as a useful tool for detecting low-concentration toxins. Overall toxin levels were low at most locations, except Metedeconk River, Greenwood Lake, and Weequahic Lake, in the early summer, but certain locations show development of HAB in late summer, suggesting detection of low-concentration toxins may provide an early warning for potential HAB development. NMDS ordination analysis indicates separation of HAB toxin patterns between freshwater and marine water, suggesting environmental factors determined HAB toxin production. In addition, rivers usually have a similar HAB toxin pattern as that in the coastal waters they discharge into, implying spatial connectivity of HAB toxins. The purpose of the research was to produce a useful baseline for future HAB research and improve understanding of spatial distribution of algal toxins in New Jersey Waters.