Exploring the Influence of Stereotypical Viewpoints of STEM Fields on College Students’ Motivation to Avoid a STEM Major in the United States

Sarah Malabanan

Co-Presenters: Individual Presentation

College: Hennings College of Science Mathematics and Technology

Major: BS.COMPUTER/SCI

Faculty Research Mentor: Nkansah, Eunice  

Abstract:

Despite the STEM field’s significant role in maintaining the country’s innovations and advancements, several studies have reported notable shortages within the STEM workforce. It has been indicated by past research that these declines are a cause of negative stereotypes surrounding the STEM field, ultimately discouraging younger populations to pursue a STEM major in college. This study implemented a mixed-method approach to explore the influence of stereotypical viewpoints of STEM fields on college students’ motivation to pursue a STEM field in the United States. For the quantitative data, an online survey questionnaire was randomly distributed. For the qualitative data, a case study interview was conducted. The study found that 47% of non-STEM majors would consider pursuing a STEM major if social and cultural barriers were addressed and amended. Additionally, it was concluded that women and students of color were more influenced by STEM stereotypes and expectations than men and white students, respectively. Furthermore, it was found that the most common factor in non-STEM students’ decision to not pursue or leave STEM is lack of interest, while the least common factors were lack of representation or discouragement from stereotypes. Moreover, STEM expectations, sense of belonging, and personality contrasts were all common concepts and patterns among non- STEM college students, where ultimately, participants indicated that they didn’t pursue STEM because of the expectations, environment, values, and characteristics surrounding the field and these factors’ inconsistency with their own self-image. The study concluded and mostly confirmed the initial hypothesis, which stated that negative stereotypical viewpoints of STEM fields would increase college students’ motivation to avoid a STEM major. Some recommendations from the researcher to resolve the issue of STEM stereotypes among college students are implementing mentorship programs, a variety STEM extracurricular opportunity, inclusive curriculum plans, and diverse guest speaker events at different institutions in order to encourage more students to take an interest in the field. As a whole, by dismantling negative or inaccurate STEM stereotypes, it not only restores labor shortages, but can also bring more diverse and distinct talent and innovation to the field, enhancing the country’s overall technological and societal advancements.