Orthotics For Long Distance Runners – A Systematic Review
Alyssa Sunga
Co-Presenters: Charlene Morales, Anthony Ferraioli, Kyle Tufaro
College: College of Health Professions and Human Services
Major: DPT.PHYSTHERAPY
Faculty Research Mentor: Enriquez, Carla Bishnoi, Alka
Abstract:
Title: Orthotics For Long Distance Runners – A Systematic ReviewAuthors: Alyssa Sunga, Charlene Morales, Anthony Ferraioli, Kyle Tufaro, Department of Physical Therapy, Kean UniversityIntroductionLong distance running is a popular form of exercise with various health benefits. However, due to its rigorous physical demands, runners often experience lower extremity (LE) injuries and discomfort. Orthotic foot devices are specialty insertions placed inside footwear to enhance functionality and address LE impairments. The aim of this systematic review examines the benefits of orthotics on LE injury rate, comfort, and aerobic capacity in long distance running.MethodsThe following databases were searched: EBSCOhost, PubMed, and ScienceDirect. Keywords included: "effect of foot orthotics on distance running" AND "running injury rates" OR "comfort levels" OR "running economy" OR "aerobic capacity". Inclusion criteria included: (1) studies involving distance runners, (2) orthotic interventions, (3) investigated rate of LE injuries, VO2 and VO2max changes, and/or comfort; (4) subjects with no present injuries, and (5) subjects between 18-50 years old. Exclusion criteria included: (1) subjects involving professional athletes, (2) studies not published in English, and (3) published before 2010.ResultsOur search resulted in the retrieval of 5 studies, and 4 met our criteria. Across the 4 studies, there were 83 total participants. The articles included 1 randomized crossover study, 1 randomized controlled trial, and 2 repeated-measures experimental studies. 2 articles found that orthotics may increase running comfort. 1 article suggested they induced increased aerobic capacity, while 2 articles found no change. Decreased LE injury rate was found in 1 article, though results were not significant.ConclusionFindings suggest mixed evidence regarding the effect of orthotics on comfort, aerobic capacity, and LE injury rate in distance runners. While some studies suggest positive impacts on comfort, inconsistencies exist within orthotics’ effects on injury rate and aerobic performance. Ultimately, this systematic review reveals limitations in existing literature, with further investigation required for more conclusive findings.DiscussionDetermining the impact of foot orthotics in long distance runners can inform clinical decision making and serve physical therapists who treat running populations.Keywords: orthotics, running, aerobic capacity, comfort, lower limb injury