Counseling in Speech-Language Pathology: Cognitivistic and Humanistic Approaches

Bethany Gallagher

Co-Presenters: Brian Bejarano

College: College of Health Professions and Human Services

Major: MA.SPEECH-LNGPATH

Faculty Research Mentor: Shivani Raina

Abstract:

Purpose: This study compares and contrasts the Cognitivist and Humanistic approaches in counseling and explores their clinical application in speech-language pathology. A review of the literature was conducted, and it revealed that both approaches are increasingly used to address communication difficulties and emotional well-being in clients. 
Methods/Discussion: A review of the literature was conducted. Studies used both approaches in various clinical contexts. Cognitivism focuses on the relationship between thoughts, emotions, and behaviors. It helps individuals identify and modify maladaptive thinking patterns to improve emotional and behavioral outcomes (Schaffer et al., 2021). In this model, the speech-language pathologist (SLP) acts as a guide, offering structured strategies for cognitive and behavioral change. In contrast, the Humanistic approach is person-centered, emphasizing individual experience, empathy, and self-actualization (Hiatt, 2022). The SLP facilitates a supportive environment, prioritizing authenticity, self-awareness, and therapeutic rapport to foster personal growth. Both models emphasize self-awareness and rely on a trusting therapist-client relationship. In clinical practice, these approaches can be integrated to support both functional communication and emotional health. For example, in stroke recovery, memory strategies and problem-solving tasks (Cognitivist) can be paired with reflective dialogue and storytelling (Humanistic) to process emotions and reinforce identity. 
Conclusions: Overall, counseling in speech-language pathology supports clients and families in coping with the psychological impact of communication disorders. A Humanistic approach encourages empathy, collaboration, and narrative exploration, while Cognitivism provides tools for structured change. Integrating both frameworks allows for holistic intervention that addresses both communication goals and psychosocial well-being.