Sulfur Mustard: The Chemistry Behind a Chemical Weapon

Melanie Diaz

Co-Presenters: Individual Presentation

College: Hennings College of Science Mathematics and Technology

Major: BA.CHEM/PREPROF

Faculty Research Mentor: Mongelli, Matthew  

Abstract:

Sulfur mustard is an organosulfur compound that has been widely studied due to its unusual chemical properties and historical relevance in chemistry. This paper examines sulfur mustard from a chemical perspective, beginning with a brief historical background to place its development into context. The discussion then focuses on molecular structure, bonding, and key physical properties such as volatility, solubility, and chemical stability. A conceptual overview of sulfur mustard synthesis is included, emphasizing general reaction types and chemical principles rather than experimental procedures. The paper also addresses how sulfur mustard or related compounds have been accidentally produced through uncontrolled chemical reactions, highlighting the importance of chemical awareness and regulation. In addition, the environmental behavior of sulfur mustard is discussed, including persistence and degradation pathways, along with common reactions such as hydrolysis, oxidation, and thermal decomposition. Overall, this paper explains how sulfur mustard behaves chemically and why understanding those properties is important in chemistry.