How does the overharvesting of queen conch (Aliger gigas) affect the coastal seagrass ecosystems of Belize?
Suyla Polat
Co-Presenters: Individual Presentation
College: The Dorothy and George Hennings College of Science, Mathematics and Technology
Major: Biology/Enviornmental Option
Faculty Research Mentor: Daniela Shebitz
Abstract:
(I'm uploading twice because I accidentally said no to the 17 goals question. I'm really sorry.)How does the overharvesting of queen conch (Aliger gigas) affect the coastal seagrass ecosystems of Belize?Suyla PolatDepartment of Environmental Sciences, Kean UniversityAbstract:Queen conchs, (Aliger gigas) are large herbivorous gastropods found in seagrass beds of the Caribbean and Western Atlantic Oceans. Recognized by their heavy, spiny shells with pink interiors and pointy ends, they can grow up to 7-9 inches (18-23 cm) in size.This literature review investigates the decline of queen conch populations in Belize and makes inferences based on previously published research about how it affects the country’s coastal ecosystems. Overharvesting for consumption and the global demand for their shells have led to a rapid population decrease. Despite regulations, the species has not been able to recover. Conch shells are also prized for making jewelry and as collectibles, making them more vulnerable to illegal poaching. Though queen conchs lack an IUCN entry, they were declared "threatened" under the Endangered Species Act (ESA) in 2024 and have been listed in Appendix II of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) since 1992.While there are limited studies focusing on their ecosystem role, queen conchs are known to feed on red and green macroalgae, primarily Batophora oerstedii and Laurencia spp., and plant detritus. A decline in their numbers reduces algal population control, nutrient recycling, and available food for predators, including the endangered loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta). Despite conservation efforts, queen conchs continue to be illegally harvested, and their decline is visible in the hundreds of empty shells found on local beaches. Additionally, local Mayans in Belize report that empty conch shells are often thrown against corals by waves, causing damage to coral structures.Through this project, I hope to encourage further research into the ongoing issue of queen conch population decline and its impact on marine ecosystems.