The Resilience of Elkhorn Coral (Acropora palmata): From Decline to Recovery
McKenna Fernandini
Co-Presenters: Individual Presentation
College: The Dorothy and George Hennings College of Science, Mathematics and Technology
Major: Biology/Enviornmental Option
Faculty Research Mentor: Daniela Shebitz
Abstract:
Elkhorn Coral, Acropora palmata, is a foundation species that helps create the physical framework upon which reefs build, offering support for other corals and marine life to thrive. During a Travel Learn course in Belize over the winter break of 2024-2025, observations of Elkhorn Corals in South Water Caye revealed that this structural coral was extensively dying throughout most of the five sites that were visited along the Belize Barrier Reef. Extensive damage was observed on most of the mature Elkhorn Coral, caused by both disease and rising temperature of sea water. The younger Elkhorn corals in the area appeared healthy, yet their future is at risk. The goal of this research project is to study the most up-to-date research that has evaluated the extent of the damage caused by White Pox Disease and potential for Elkhorn Coral recovery. A review of current scientific literature was conducted, primarily relying on Google Scholar and Science Direct as databases. Three questions guided the selection of articles to include in analysis: (1) Can the White Pox Disease that attacks Elkhorn Coral be treated? (2) Is the warming of the ocean increasing the likeliness of the disease spreading faster? And (3) Can the spread of White Pox Disease be prevented? While much of the literature reviewed included research that was being conducted occurring outside of Central America, there is great potential for restoration efforts in Belize to incorporate the lessons learned through this scientific research.